European Monarchs, Consorts, and Heirs, October 1911

CountrySovereignBornAccededConsort (born)Heir (born)

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Emperor Franz Joseph I
18 Aug 18302 Dec 1848
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(1863)

Principality of Liechtenstein

Prince Johann II
5 Oct 1840 12 Nov 1858
Prince Franz (1853)

Kingdom of Montenegro

King Nikola I
7 Oct 1841 13 Aug 1860
Queen Milena (1847)


Crown Prince Danilo (1871)

Kingdom of Greece

King George I
24 Dec 184527 Jun 1863
Queen Olga (1851)

Crown Prince Constantine
(1868)

Kingdom of Rumania

King Carol I
20 Apr 183920 Apr 1866
Queen Elisabeth (1843)

Crown Prince
Ferdinand (1865)

Kingdom of Spain

King Alfonso XIII
17 May 1886 17 May 1886
Queen Victoria Eugenie (1887)

Infante Alfonso,
Prince of Asturias (1907)

Kingdom of Bulgaria

King Ferdinand I
26 Feb 18617 Jul 1887
Queen Eleonore (1860)

Crown Prince Boris (1894)

German Empire

Emperor Wilhelm II
27 Jan 1859 15 Jun 1888
Empress Auguste (1858)

Crown Prince Wilhelm (1882)

Principality of Monaco

Prince Albert I
13 Nov 1848 10 Sep 1889
Her. Prince Louis (1870)

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Queen Wilhelmina
31 Aug 1880 23 Nov 1890
Prince Hendrik (1876)

Princess Juliana (1909)

Russian Empire

Emperor Nicholas II
18 May 1868 1 Nov 1894
Empress Alexandra (1872)

Tsarevich Alexei (1904)

Kingdom of Italy

King Victor Emanuel III
11 Nov 1869 29 Jul 1900
Queen Helena (1873)

Crown Prince Umberto (1904)

Kingdom of Servia

King Peter I
11 Jul 1844 12 Jun 1903
Crown Prince
Alexander (1888)

Grand Duchy of Luxemburg

Grand Duke Guillaume IV
22 Apr 185217 Nov 1905
Grand Duchess
Maria Anna (1861)

Princess Marie Adelaide
(1894)

Kingdom of Norway

King Haakon VII
3 Aug 187218 Nov 1905
Queen Maud (1869)

Crown Prince Olav (1903)

Kingdom of Denmark

King Frederik VIII
3 Jun 184329 Jan 1906
Queen Louise (1851)

Crown Prince Christian (1870)

Kingdom of Sweden

King Gustaf V
16 Jun 18588 Dec 1907
Queen Victoria (1862)

Crown Prince
Gustaf Adolf (1882)

Ottoman Empire

Sultan Mehmed V
2/3 Nov 184427 Apr 1909
Crown Prince
Yusuf Izzettin Efendi (1857)

Kingdom of Belgium

King Albert I
8 Apr 187523 Dec 1909
Queen Elisabeth (1876)

Prince Leopold,
Duke of Brabant (1901)

United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland

King George V
3 Jun 1865 6 May 1910
Queen Mary (1867)

Prince Edward,
Prince of Wales (1894)


Archduke Karl of Austria & Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma at their wedding, 21 October 1911, with Emperor Franz Joseph looking on cheerfully

European Sovereigns
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