(After the Treaty of Frankfurt, 10 May 1871)
(beginning of the Belle Époque of general European peace that would last until 1914)
| Country | Sovereign | Born | Acceded | Consort (born) | Heir (born) |
 United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland |  Queen Victoria | 24 May 1819 | 20 Jun 1837 |  Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1841) | |
 Austro-Hungarian Empire |  Emperor Franz Joseph I | 18 Aug 1830 | 2 Dec 1848 |  Empress Elisabeth (1837) |  Crown Prince Rudolf (1858) |
 Kingdom of the Netherlands |
 King Willem III | 19 Feb 1817 | 17 Mar 1849 |  Queen Sophie (1818) |  Willem, Prince of Orange (1840) |
 Kingdom of Italy |  King Victor Emanuel II | 14 Mar 1820 |
23 Mar 1849 (Sardinia) 17 Mar 1861 |  Crown Prince Umberto (1844) | |
 Russian Empire |  Emperor Alexander II | 29 Apr 1818 | 2 Mar 1855 |  Empress Maria (1824) |  Tsarevich Alexander (1845) |
 Kingdom of Sweden & Norway |  King Carl XV | 3 May 1826 | 8 Jul 1859 |  Prince Oscar (1829) | |
 German Empire |  Emperor Wilhelm I | 22 Mar 1797 | 2 Jan 1861 (Prussia) 18 Jan 1871 |  Empress Auguste (1811) |  Crown Prince Friedrich (1831) |
 Ottoman Empire |  Sultan Abdulaziz | 9 Feb 1830 | 25 Jun 1861 | ||
 Kingdom of Portugal |  King Luís I | 31 Oct 1838 | 11 Nov 1861 |  Queen Maria Pia (1847) | Crown Prince Carlos (1863) |
 Kingdom of Greece |  King George I | 24 Dec 1845 | 27 Jun 1863 |  Queen Olga (1851) | Crown Prince Constantine (1868) |
 Kingdom of Denmark |  King Christian IX | 8 Apr 1818 | 16 Nov 1863 |  Queen Louise (1817) |  Crown Prince Frederik (1843) |
 Kingdom of Belgium |  King Leopold II | 9 Apr 1835 | 17 Dec 1865 |  Queen Marie Henriette (1836) |  Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders (1837) |
 Kingdom of Spain |  King Amadeo I | 30 May 1845 | 16 Nov 1870 |  Queen Maria Victoria (1847) | Emmanuele Filiberto, Prince of Asturias (1869) |
Proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor at Versailles, 18 January 1871