| Country | Sovereign | Born | Acceded | Consort (born) | Heir (born) |
 Kingdom of Spain |  Queen Isabel II | 10 Oct 1830 | 29 Sep 1833 |  Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz (1822) |  Infante Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1857) |
 United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland |  Queen Victoria | 24 May 1819 | 20 Jun 1837 |  Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1841) | |
 Papal States |  Pope Pius IX | 13 May 1792 | 16 Jun 1846 | ||
 Austro-Hungarian Empire |  Emperor Franz Joseph I | 18 Aug 1830 | 2 Dec 1848 |  Empress Elisabeth (1837) |  Crown Prince Rudolf (1858) |
 Kingdom of the Netherlands |
 King Willem III | 19 Feb 1817 | 17 Mar 1849 |  Queen Sophie (1818) |  Willem, Prince of Orange (1840) |
 Kingdom of Italy |  King Victor Emanuel II | 14 Mar 1820 |
23 Mar 1849 (Sardinia) 17 Mar 1861 |  Crown Prince Umberto (1844) | |
 French Empire |  Emperor Napoleon III | 20 Apr 1808 | 2 Dec 1852 |  Empress Eugenie (1826) |  Napoleon, Prince Imperial (1856) |
 Kingdom of Saxony |  King Johann I | 12 Dec 1801 | 9 Aug 1854 |  Queen Amalie Auguste (1801) |  Crown Prince Albert (1828) |
 Russian Empire |  Emperor Alexander II | 29 Apr 1818 | 2 Mar 1855 |  Empress Maria (1824) |  Tsarevich Alexander (1845) |
 Kingdom of Sweden & Norway |  King Carl XV | 3 May 1826 | 8 Jul 1859 |  Queen Louise (1828) | Prince Oscar (1829) |
 Kingdom of Prussia |  King Wilhelm I | 22 Mar 1797 | 2 Jan 1861 |  Queen Auguste (1811) |  Crown Prince Friedrich (1831) |
 Ottoman Empire |  Sultan Abdulaziz | 9 Feb 1830 | 25 Jun 1861 | ||
 Kingdom of Portugal |  King Luís I | 31 Oct 1838 | 11 Nov 1861 |  Queen Maria Pia (1847) |  Crown Prince Carlos (1863) |
 Kingdom of Greece |  King George I | 24 Dec 1845 | 27 Jun 1863 |  Queen Olga (1851) | Crown Prince Constantine (1868) |
 Kingdom of Denmark |  King Christian IX | 8 Apr 1818 | 16 Nov 1863 |  Queen Louise (1817) |  Crown Prince Frederik (1843) |
 Kingdom of Bavaria |  King Ludwig II | 25 Aug 1845 | 10 Mar 1864 |  Prince Otto (1848) | |
 Kingdom of Württemberg |  King Karl I | 6 Mar 1823 | 25 Jun 1864 |  Queen Olga (1822) |  Prince Friedrich (1808) |
 Kingdom of Belgium |  King Leopold II | 9 Apr 1835 | 17 Dec 1865 |  Queen Marie Henriette (1836) |  Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant (1859) |
(September 1868 was the last time to date that all European countries larger than a city except for Switzerland were ruled by monarchs.)
(top row) Christian IX of Denmark, Wilhelm I of Prussia, Napoleon III of France, Alexander II of Russia, Abdulaziz of the Ottoman Empire.
(second row) Carl XV of Sweden & Norway, Victoria of the United Kingdom, Franz Joseph of Austria, Pope Pius IX (centre), Victor Emanuel II of Italy, Isabella II of Spain, Johann I of Saxony.
(third row) Luis I of Portugal, Ludwig II of Bavaria, Leopold II of Belgium, Mihailo III of Serbia
(bottom row) Karl I of Württemberg, George I of Greece, Carol I of Romania, Willem III of the Netherlands